资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
2022国家医保目录发布 今年“灵魂砍价”能省多少钱?****** 中新网1月18日电(中新财经 左雨晴) 医保局专家与药企代表每年一度的“灵魂砍价”落下帷幕,新冠口服药、肿瘤高值新药、罕见病新药等首次“开谈”,成为本次医保谈判的焦点。那么,谈判结果究竟如何? 18日,国家医保局召开新闻发布会,介绍2022年国家医保药品目录调整工作的有关情况。 ![]() 患者能省多少钱? ——预计未来两年将为患者减负超过900亿元 据国家医保局医药服务管理司副司长黄心宇介绍,2022年国家基本医疗保险、工伤保险和生育保险药品目录调整工作现已顺利结束。本次调整,共有111个药品新增进入目录。 本次新增药品包括高血压、糖尿病、高血脂、精神病的慢性病用药56种,肿瘤用药23种,抗感染用药17种,罕见病用药7种,新冠肺炎治疗用药2种,还有其他领域的用药6种。 本轮调整后,国家医保药品目录内药品总数达到2967种,其中西药1586种,中成药1381种;中药饮片未作调整,仍为892种。 从谈判和竞价情况看,147个目录外药品参与谈判和竞价(含原目录内药品续约谈判),121个药品谈判或竞价成功,总体成功率达82.3%。谈判和竞价新准入的药品,价格平均降幅达60.1%,与去年基本持平。 从患者负担情况看,通过谈判降价和医保报销双重减负效应,本次调整预计未来两年将为患者减负超过900亿元。 黄心宇表示,5年来,国家医保局坚持“保基本”的功能定位,坚决杜绝天价药进医保,依托中国巨大的市场规模,通过谈判准入的方式,大幅降低了新准入目录的药品价格。在很多治疗领域,中国的药品价格由原来的高地成为全球的洼地,中国药品价格首次成为发达国家药品定价的参考。 “2018年-2022年,进口药品基本给出了全球最低价。2022年又创新提出了竞价准入的办法,解决了部分非独家药品价格较高、难以进入目录的问题,引导企业以竞价的形式主动降低价格,换取能进入医保目录的机会。”他说。 ![]() 新冠治疗用药谈判结果如何? ——阿兹夫定片等2种药品正式纳入国家医保目录 此前,国家医保局负责人透露,今年共有阿兹夫定片、奈玛特韦片/利托那韦片组合包装(简称“Paxlovid”)、清肺排毒颗粒3种新冠治疗药品通过企业自主申报、形式审查、专家评审等程序,参与了谈判。 那么谈判结果如何? 据黄心宇介绍,本次医保谈判全力支持新冠病毒感染治疗。连续第三年将新冠治疗用药作为医保目录准入条件,阿兹夫定片、清肺排毒颗粒等2个药品通过谈判降价将正式纳入国家医保药品目录。第十版新冠病毒感染诊疗方案涉及的25个已上市药品中,21个品种已被正式纳入国家医保目录。 对于因辉瑞公司报价高而未能通过谈判纳入医保目录的Paxlovid,相关人士透露,不会再和辉瑞就Paxlovid举行专门谈判。此外,默沙东的莫诺拉韦胶囊也不会额外进行谈判。“正常情况下,医保目录谈判一年只举行一次。” ![]() 哪些重点领域用药补短板? ——支持国产重大创新药品进入目录 黄心宇表示,医保谈判继续支持重点领域药品进入目录,包括国产创新药、新冠治疗药、儿童用药等重点领域疾病,肿瘤罕见病等重大疾病,以及糖尿病、慢阻肺等慢性病疾病。“这些药品进一步被纳入了目录,补齐了目录的短板,提高了保障水平。” 据悉,本次共计24种国产重大创新药品被纳入谈判,最终奥雷巴替尼等20种药品谈判成功,成功率83.3%,高于整体的谈判成功率。同时,有7个罕见病用药、22个儿童用药、2个基本药物被成功纳入目录。 “本次目录新增的药品绝大部分都是5年内新上市的药品。”黄心宇指出,有23种药品是2022年上市当年就被纳入了目录。 例如,在肺癌领域,本次谈判不仅新增了洛拉替尼、赛沃替尼等疗效显著的新药,原来目录内的恩沙替尼、塞瑞替尼等药品价格也有显著下降。“医生和患者有了更多的临床选择。”黄心宇说。(完) 搜索 复制
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